Ubiquitous Nature of Event-Driven Approaches: A Retrospective View

This paper retrospectively analyzes the progress of event-based capability and their applicability in various domains. Although research on event-based approaches started in a humble manner with the intention of introducing triggers in database management systems for monitoring application state and to automate applications by reducing/eliminating user intervention, currently it has become a force to reckon with as it finds use in many diverse domains. This is primarily due to the fact that a large number of real-world applications are indeed event-driven and hence the paradigm is apposite. In this paper, we briefly overview the development of the ECA (or event-condition-action) paradigm. We briefly discuss the evolution of the ECA paradigm (or active capability) in relational and Object-oriented systems. We then describe several diverse applications where the ECA paradigm has been used effectively. The applications range from customized monitoring of web pages to specification and enforcement of access control policies using RBAC (role-based access control). The multitude of applications clearly demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of event-based approaches to problems that were not envisioned as the ones where the active capability would be applicable. Finally, we indicate some future trends that can benefit from the ECA paradigm

Assessing the Regional and District Capacity for Operationalizing Emergency Obstetric Care through First Referral Units in Gujarat

Maternal mortality remains to be one of the very important public health problems in India. The maternal mortality estimates, is about (300-400/100,000 live births). There are diverse management issues, policy barriers to be overcome for improving maternal health. Especially, the operationalization of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) and access to skilled care attendance during delivery. This study focuses on understanding the regional and district level capacity of the state government to operationalize First Referral Units for providing Emergency Obstetric care. This study is a part of a larger project for strengthening midwifery and Emergency Obstetric Care in India. The study apart from giving an in-depth insight into the functioning of various health facilities highlights the results from the basic to the more comprehensive level of EmOC services. It gives recommendation on various measures to rectify shortcomings noticed and make EmOC a more effective at different levels in the State of Gujarat. The study uses both primary and secondary data collection. The study was conducted in six regions of Gujarat -one district from each of these regions was selected. Out of these districts 27 health facilities were examined, which consists of seven district hospitals, eight designated as first referral units (FRU), four community health centers (CHC) and eight 24/7 primary health centers (PHC). Detailed field notes for individual facilities were prepared and analyzed subsequently for all facilities together. A common feature among all health centres were issues related to general infrastructure. Many times infrastructure planning (location, layout and maintenance) is left to engineers, who have limited knowledge about proper EmOC services. Poor infrastructure leads to poor quality of health services and wastage of resources. Through National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and Rogi Kalyan Samiti funds major and minor repair/renovations are taking place to improve hospital buildings. In some health facilities from poor resource setting with high demand from patients were still able to deliver services. Human resources analysis suggests that there is shortage of specialists at FRUs, and committed nursing staff in labor room. As result of the Chiranjeevi initiative, the Below Poverty Line (BPL) population who earlier used to public health facilities are now accessing private facilities for delivery, and this has affected and decreased the workload of the public health facilities. Furthermore, there is lack of managerial skills at senior level hospital staff. Registers like birth, drug, Medical Termination of Pregnancy are maintained but not in standard format. Since complicated cases are not registered properly, maternal deaths are not reported. Even though the system of monitoring is well established at the state and district level, they are not properly followed. The funds for operationalization of First Referral Units come from department of family welfare. However, the administrative control is in the hands of department of medical services. Due to this factor monitoring system has become weak. The weak link between these two departments is the Regional Deputy Director who has only one administrative staff to take care of the issues in their region. The problem of monitoring the Primary Health Centres has become smooth with the appointment of new District Project Coordinators. Some facilities especially in district hospital reported that internal meetings and monitoring are happening because of the special interest of facility managers and newly appointed assistant hospitals administrators. In lower facilities this type of internal monitoring exists in a weak form. Underutilization of government facilities is a result of poor quality of services provided. In spite of reasonably developed health system, several problems of infrastructure, staffing, accountability and management capacity contribute to the poor functioning of facilities to act as an EmOC service delivery center. Some of the major bottlenecks in improving EmOC services are limited management capacity, lack of availability of blood in rural areas and poor registration of births and deaths and no monitoring of EmOC. District hospitals, FRUs, CHCs and Sub district hospitals come under the administrative control of the department of medical services. The clinical monitoring of these facilities lies with the department of health and family welfare. At the district level monitoring of these facilities are not properly done, therefore it effects directly the operationalization of the facilities. In the absence of adequate management capacity, the operationalization of EmOC is not well planned, executed or monitored, which results in delays in implementation and poor quality of care.

A REVIEW ON JANPADODHWANSA - CONCEPT OF ANNIHILATION IN AYURVEDA

Janpadodhwansa is one among the unique concept described in Ayurveda treatises which literally means demolition or annihilation of people or community. There are four factors that has been described which are common and essential for every living being i.e. Vayu (air), Jala (water), Desha (land) and Kaala (season). Any abnormal alteration in these four factors can significantly influence individual or community or environment or all of them together. Vitiation of these four common factors is the cause for Janpadodhwansa. Foremost reason for Janpadodhwansa has been described as Adharma (immorality) and the root cause of Adharma is said to be Prajnaparadha (delinquency of wisdom). Considering the noteworthiness of Janpadodhwansa, a whole chapter has been depicted in Charak Samhita illustrating its onset, causes, peculiar features and management. On the basis of characteristics features of vitiated four factors in Ayurveda classics, catastrophe conditions like cyclones, earthquakes, endemic/epidemic or pandemic disease outbreak etc., may simulate with Janpadodhwansa. Restrained utilisation of natural, man-made resources, adoption of Ayurveda dietetics and lifestyle, Panchakarma therapies, Rasayana therapies may effectively contribute to prevent and manage these situations especially like disease outbreak. This review article primarily focussed on the need of understanding the topic of Janpadodhwansa in current scenario

Burden of isolated clavicle fractures at tertiary care healthcare centre: a look into registry

Background: Clavicle is one of the common bones to undergo fractures with incidence rate higher in second to third decade of one’s life as well as in elderly age. Management of these clavicle fractures have always been a subject of debate, where literature have been advocating both non-operative as well as operative methods.Methods: The present study was conceived to know the burden of these isolated clavicle fracture cases reporting to tertiary level healthcare institute of North India and to study about their management pattern.Results: During the five years study duration (2014-2018), a total of 38 patients had reported to the trauma centre of the institute. Out of total, males had more preponderance 77% (29) and incidences were reported more in younger population. All patients were managed well by opting conservative measures, besides deformity had been reported in 2 (5.26%) patients. 3 (7.9%) patients had reported with complaints of pain, weakness while doing work, fatigue and pain when lying on the affected shoulder None of the patient was managed by open reduction and fixation.Conclusions: The present study concludes that the number of patients having isolated clavicle fracture are not contributing to any sort of burden at tertiary level institutes and are not even time consuming

A.C. Conductivity of Ag Incorporated Se-Te-Bi Glassy Alloy

Effect of Ag addition on the a.c. conductivity as a function of frequency in Se80.5Bi1.5Te18 – yAgy (y 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 at. %) glassy alloy has been investigated in the temperature range 300-355 K. The electrical conductivity is measured as a function of frequency () of an alternating electric field in the frequency range 1 -500 kHz, using Wayne Kerr 6500 B Impedance Analyzer. A.C. conductivity (ω) is found to increases with an increase in frequency for the entire range of temperature in all compositions. The frequency exponent s is found to decrease with an increase in temperature which indicates that the correlated barrier hopping is the possible conduction mechanism in the investigated samples. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3101